Příspěvky uživatele Admin

16. 1. 2025

• 12:3816. 1. 2025, 12:38 rozdíl historie +4 286 N The Washington Consensus – Implications for Developing Countries založena nová stránka s textem „The development in many, if not all national states since the late 1980s (1989 in particular) has been markedly affected by the so-called Washington Consensus; the liberal ‘left wing’ speaks of the ‘neo-liberal bible’ in this context. The document was elaborated as a treaty between the IMF, the World Bank, and the US Treasury Department. Its contents were: a demand for monetary stability and caution; tolerance only to such budgetary deficits w…“ aktuální
• 12:3716. 1. 2025, 12:37 rozdíl historie +7 517 N The Asian Crisis; China & India založena nová stránka s textem „The Asian economic and political crisis due to the implementation of the Washington Consensus in the 1990s swept over many countries, from Thailand to Indonesia. The various assessments of the causes of the crisis agree on that it was primarily a problem of institutions, which failed to comply with the requirements of market economy. Some authors see another cause in the overestimation of the success of economic growth in the countries which were even…“ aktuální
• 12:3616. 1. 2025, 12:36 rozdíl historie +4 744 N Latin America & Africa založena nová stránka s textem „== Latin America == Economic problems of Latin America, one might say, are chronic. The public, nonetheless, is most seriously affected by the experience of the crisis of 1998-2002. The continent’s economic difficulties stem mainly from the structure of its political system, different from those in Asia. There are strong labour unions in Latin America; they have often had a strong influence on the decisions made by governments. On the other hand, bo…“ aktuální
• 12:3516. 1. 2025, 12:35 rozdíl historie +3 988 N Globalisation and multinational corporations (MNCs) založena nová stránka s textem „The relations between globalisation and the changing importance and functionality of the national state are very often non-transparent. The pace of such changes has accelerated particularly after the bipolar world collapsed, but their roots are often deeper and their causality more complex than would correspond to the state vs. globalisation relation. Bauman sees the root of the changes in the network of political relationships in the changing meanin…“ aktuální
• 12:3516. 1. 2025, 12:35 rozdíl historie +3 988 N Fluid Modernity založena nová stránka s textem „The relations between globalisation and the changing importance and functionality of the national state are very often non-transparent. The pace of such changes has accelerated particularly after the bipolar world collapsed, but their roots are often deeper and their causality more complex than would correspond to the state vs. globalisation relation. Bauman sees the root of the changes in the network of political relationships in the changing meanin…“ aktuální
• 12:3516. 1. 2025, 12:35 rozdíl historie +26 N Kategorie:Political aspects of globalisation založena nová stránka s textem „Category:Globalisation“ aktuální
• 12:3416. 1. 2025, 12:34 rozdíl historie +3 372 N The State and the Political System založena nová stránka s textem „The modern-day social life in the developed industrial countries is connected to the modern state, representing the quintessential form of nearly all types of human activity. The state appears as omnipresent, regulating the conditions of life from the registration at birth to the death certificate. '''Modern states''' appeared in Western Europe and on its colonial territories in the 18th and 19th centuries, whilst their origins reach back to the 16th…“ aktuální
• 12:3416. 1. 2025, 12:34 rozdíl historie +12 888 N The political aspects of globalisation (a crisis in politics and democracy) založena nová stránka s textem „Václav Mezřický ==Globalisation of the world politics== *The State and the Political System *Fluid Modernity *Globalisation and multinational corporations (MNCs) As recently as the Cold War era, theories on world politics were based on the belief that they equated international relations. The concept viewed '''national states''' as points of global political power and authority. Understanding states and relations between states was co…“ aktuální
• 12:3316. 1. 2025, 12:33 rozdíl historie +9 633 N The shift to outsourcing in the developed countries založena nová stránka s textem „Connection to other globalization themes: 1. The nature of globalisation. Global actors and driving forces 2. Globalisation Glossary 3. The political aspects of globalisation (a crisis in politics and democracy) 4. The economic dimension of globalisation 6. The Corporations’ Response to Globalisation Problems 7. The social dimension and sociological treatment of globalisation '''Question:''' What are the negative an…“ aktuální
• 12:3316. 1. 2025, 12:33 rozdíl historie +15 599 N Migration and psychosocial risks založena nová stránka s textem „== Connection to other globalization themes: == 1. The shift to outsourcing in the developed countries 2. Globalisation Glossary 3. The economic dimension of globalisation 4. Globalisation and civic society 5. Fair Trade and the need of changing consumption patterns == Bibliography: == * http://osha.europa.eu/en ** http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/magazine/ ** http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/ The Europ…“ aktuální
• 12:3216. 1. 2025, 12:32 rozdíl historie +3 651 N Migration and community formation under conditions of globalisation/Introduction založena nová stránka s textem „This article sets out to rethink the dynamics of the migratory process under conditions of globalization. Two main models of migration and incorporation dominated academic and policy approaches in the late twentieth century: first, the settler model, according to which immigrants gradually integrated into economic and social relations, re-united or formed families and eventually became assimilated into the host society (sometimes over two or three gen…“ aktuální
• 12:3016. 1. 2025, 12:30 rozdíl historie +21 179 N Migration and community formation under conditions of globalisation založena nová stránka s textem „==Introduction== This article discusses the conceptual issues of migration research before focusing on two major issues: • Likely trends in migration in future • Perspectives for migrant settlement and consequences for multi-cultural societies Migration and community formation under conditions of globalisation - full introduction ==International migration as a systemic factor in globalisation== Migrations have always been key factors in col…“ aktuální
• 12:3016. 1. 2025, 12:30 rozdíl historie +5 492 N Migrant Incorporation Under Conditions of Globalisation full text založena nová stránka s textem „As discussed above, globalization leads to major changes in the character of international migration. The context for migrant incorporation has already changed radically and will continue to do so. The rise of multiculturalism itself is one sign of this, but is not the end of the story: new forms of identity and belonging go beyond multiculturalism. Most migration and settlement experiences still fit into one of the three models mentioned above (and o…“ aktuální
• 12:2916. 1. 2025, 12:29 rozdíl historie +7 666 N International migration as a systemic factor in globalisation založena nová stránka s textem „The upsurge of interest in migration in recent years obscures the fact that migrations of various kinds were always key factors in colonialism, industrialization and nation-building (Archdeacon, 1983; Cohen, 1987; Moch, 1992; Noiriel, 1988; Potts, 1990). In the post-1945 period, labour migration played a crucial part in the growth and restructuring of industrial economies (Castles and Miller, 1998), while forced migration was an inevitable result of p…“ aktuální
• 12:2816. 1. 2025, 12:28 rozdíl historie +3 957 N Instead of a conclusion: back to baby-farming? full text založena nová stránka s textem „In 1729, the Irish clergyman and satirist Jonathan Swift put forward a novel solution to the economic problems of a society being ravaged by British cob- nialism: the poor should turn to ‘baby-farming,’ and earn a living by selling their children as fresh meat to the British landlords (Swift, 1955). Writing in the early 1980s, I suggested that baby-farming had indeed become a widespread practice not just in Ireland but also in many other countries…“ aktuální
• 12:2716. 1. 2025, 12:27 rozdíl historie +4 342 N Globalization: More or less than a blessing? založena nová stránka s textem „==Shaping globalization: migration in times of globalization== Developed countries use migration to gain advantage in the globalized economy. But the developing countries can also benefit from the migration. In the history people always been made their way to live in another place as where they are born and this not required globalization. The fact that they do it in such large numbers as in the second half of the nineteenth and the beginning of thi…“ aktuální
• 12:2716. 1. 2025, 12:27 rozdíl historie +8 769 N Causes of Migration full text založena nová stránka s textem „Much migration research has focused on the causes of migration. These debates cannot be summarized here, but clearly are central to any assessment of likely future. However, it seems to me that, despite major conceptual differences, all the major theories lead to the conclusion that migration is likely to grow. Demographic explanations point to the structural disparities between areas with stagnant economies but high rates of fertility, and areas wi…“ aktuální
• 12:2616. 1. 2025, 12:26 rozdíl historie +26 N Kategorie:Media založena nová stránka s textem „Category:Globalisation“ aktuální
• 12:2516. 1. 2025, 12:25 rozdíl historie +15 207 N Media and culture in a globalized world založena nová stránka s textem „The old version of the text which includes all discussion (with peer review) is available at Does the globalization of media lead to homogenization? ==Introduction== Whenever a conversation comes to the subject "globalization", there'll always be a discussion concerning the development of the media. "Does globalization destroy national identities?" "Does the globalization of media in particular suppress individual cultures?" The media certainly ha…“ aktuální
• 12:2516. 1. 2025, 12:25 rozdíl historie +12 365 N Does the globalization of media lead to homogenization? založena nová stránka s textem „==Introduction== Whenever a conversation comes to the subject "globalization", there'll always be a discussion concerning the development of the media. "Does globalization destroy national identities?" "Does the globalization of media in particular suppress individual cultures?" The media certainly have a huge influence on our thinking and acting. Often we only know about specific issues because of the media. But what exactly means the term "globaliza…“ aktuální
• 12:2316. 1. 2025, 12:23 rozdíl historie +26 N Kategorie:Legislation založena nová stránka s textem „Category:Globalisation“ aktuální
• 12:2316. 1. 2025, 12:23 rozdíl historie +12 585 N National laws for global capital markets - A contradiction? založena nová stránka s textem „Through globalisation of capital markets the linkage between countries respectively governments has increased. But not only countries are affected. The rise of interchange of deposit money affects every participant of the globalised world. This phenomenon is no innovation of the 21st century. It was mentioned in literature before: ‘… the financial system has been changing rapidly in recent years and has now become a truly global market-place’ (G…“ aktuální
• 12:2216. 1. 2025, 12:22 rozdíl historie +7 519 N Israel-Palestine conflict and globalisation založena nová stránka s textem „'''''3. From your perspective and experience does globalization have the potential to resolve a conflict not related to this phenomenon, for example, the Israel-Palestine conflict, or to possibly make it worse?''''' ===Jana Hybášková:=== From my perspective globalization in its overall result is neutral. Certainly, it has great potential to be a positive engine of change. Globalization is kind of river flow, bringing lots of energy. If the energy…“ aktuální
• 12:2116. 1. 2025, 12:21 rozdíl historie +15 488 N Possibilities for action within the process of globalisation založena nová stránka s textem „__NOTOC__ '''''8. Do you think the process of globalisation is naturally neutral or should we interfere in this process? If so, to what extent should we actually interfere?''''' ===Jana Hybášková:=== Globalization is naturally neutral. As much as it brings opportunities, it also causes harm. We clearly should not allow globalization to cause damage and world crises. It is important to see if the world has taken the financial and housing crises…“ aktuální
• 12:2116. 1. 2025, 12:21 rozdíl historie +8 359 N The leading powers in the globalisation založena nová stránka s textem „__NOTOC__ '''''5. Is it impossible to create fair prices worldwide? Or are the institutions just not willing to change the status quo? If so, is the European Parliament willing and ready to engage? Do you have examples from your work in the EU parliament? '' ''10. Who do you think decides role allocation in this process of globalisation? Do you think some societies hold the main power in their hands or do you think every society has the power to take…“ aktuální
• 12:2016. 1. 2025, 12:20 rozdíl historie +5 512 N Is globalisation a neutral process? založena nová stránka s textem „"Life record" of discussion with Jana Hybášková '''Introductory thesis:''' ==Globalization, from the global perspective, is neutral== The first globalization created the world price. Raw materials, agricultural commodities, industrial products, could be bought at different places for the same price. 20th century globalization anchored itself in world financial institutions, which were created to protect world price, world financial flows, and wo…“ aktuální
• 12:1916. 1. 2025, 12:19 rozdíl historie +6 019 N Globalization and the conflict between Christian and Muslim society založena nová stránka s textem „'''''9. Why do you think globalization is connected to the conflict between Christian and Muslim society? Considering the integration of Muslim immigrants in Europe, what do you think is the main problem to be solved now? Do you have any experience with this minority (Muslim immigrants) making demands and the perception of it in official places?''''' ====Jana Hybášková:==== I never said globalization is connected to the conflict between Christia…“ aktuální
• 12:1916. 1. 2025, 12:19 rozdíl historie +10 873 N Free market economy založena nová stránka s textem „__NOTOC__ '''''1. Do you think our free market economy, especially against the backdrop of unfettered transnational financial operations and the financial crisis, is the right way to live in a globalized world?''''' ===Jana Hybášková: === Globalization is not the result of the free market economy, in as much as the free market economy is not a function of globalization. The free market economy is one of the key values by which we have agreed to…“ aktuální
• 12:1816. 1. 2025, 12:18 rozdíl historie +9 048 N Experience of Kuwait založena nová stránka s textem „__NOTOC__ '''''4. What is the view of the population in Kuwait on globalisation regarding a win-win-strategy? Do they seek a win-win situation for everybody?''''' ===Jana Hybášková:=== Kuwait was part of global trade for centuries. Historians will not agree with the “out of Europe understanding” of globalization. Nevertheless, global trade routes existed well before the Levant and East Indian Company were established. The price of wood, the…“ aktuální
• 12:1716. 1. 2025, 12:17 rozdíl historie +17 519 N Does globalization support terror? založena nová stránka s textem „'''''6. Is terror a direct or indirect effect of globalization? Does globalization support terror in the sense that through interaction between countries and higher technological processes different moral concepts and different social values and standards are more visible and terror is a reaction to these differences?''''' ===Jana Hybášková:=== Terrorism uses war against the civilian population as a tool for gaining political power. Terrorism wa…“ aktuální
• 12:1716. 1. 2025, 12:17 rozdíl historie +26 N Kategorie:Is globalisation a neutral process? založena nová stránka s textem „Category:Globalisation“ aktuální
• 12:1616. 1. 2025, 12:16 rozdíl historie +3 378 N Control over global items založena nová stránka s textem „''2. How can we gain more control over global items like the internet or international markets? Are organizations like the WTO or the UN suitable for this task?'' ===Answer by Jana Hybášková:=== In representative democracy “we” is the state, represented by our government and our parliament. Our country is represented by the Minister of Trade at the WTO and by the UN Ambassador. The ambassador is responsible to our government, or head of sta…“ aktuální
• 12:1416. 1. 2025, 12:14 rozdíl historie +20 126 N World Environment Organization založena nová stránka s textem „'''Facing global environmental problems with increasing frequency there is the general call for a reform of the institutional global environmental policy or even more for a global environmental organization. What exactly is this reform-process about, what kind of institution is needed and is there a chance for a World Environment Organization in a foreseeable future?''' =Introduction= At the latest since the disappointing United Nations Climate Chang…“ aktuální
• 12:1416. 1. 2025, 12:14 rozdíl historie +13 889 N The United Nations and the necessity of reformation založena nová stránka s textem „== Research Question == How important is organized concerted responding to global crisis, how does the cooperation have to be structured to solve the problems of the 21st century and how realistic is a reform of the United Nations right now == Thesis Statement == It is necessary to deal with the problems of the 21st century more united. The organization of United Nations is not appropriate anymore and needs to be reformed in order to overcome th…“ aktuální
• 12:1216. 1. 2025, 12:12 rozdíl historie +8 114 N Water Exploitation and Pollution založena nová stránka s textem „==Water Circulation and Its Importance== The existence of water on planet Earth and its circulation are closely related to atmospheric processes. The ocean is a giant reservoir for heat, acquired from solar radiation and released to the atmosphere with delays of several months to decades. The movement of water masses of different temperatures is one of the driving wheels of the climate machine. The proximity to the ocean also has a pronounced effect…“ aktuální
• 12:1216. 1. 2025, 12:12 rozdíl historie +9 730 N Soil and Food Production založena nová stránka s textem „==What Is Soil?== Only since man began cultivating plants and domesticating animals has soil been known as we know it: primarily a means of food provision. '''Agricultural, cultivated land is largely an artificial system '''that had not existed naturally prior to the early farmers. Man has had to enter large quantities of energy and various substances into this half-natural substrate in order to keep it stable and productive in the long run. The amou…“ aktuální
• 12:1116. 1. 2025, 12:11 rozdíl historie +7 377 N Global Threat to Life’s Diversity založena nová stránka s textem „==Biodiversity== In a simplified perception, the existing biosphere is the aggregate of all organic species living on this planet. Systematic biologists assume that between 10 and 100 million species of various organisms exist on Earth, ranging from primitive microscopic viruses to complex and gigantic organisms, such as a giant sequoia tree a hundred metres tall or a blue whale, the biggest mammal weighing tens of tonnes. The estimated number of spe…“ aktuální
• 12:1116. 1. 2025, 12:11 rozdíl historie +10 764 N The Earth’s Human Population- Growth and Poverty založena nová stránka s textem „== Population Growth == The estimated number of individuals of the species ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' is a little over 6 billion today. However, the human population on Earth has not always been the same. It is very difficult to estimate the population trends for our prehistoric ancestors. It is assumed that the first billion mark was only reached at the turn of the 18^th century. Since then, the growth rate '''has been ever faster'''. The nu…“ aktuální
• 12:1016. 1. 2025, 12:10 rozdíl historie +2 404 N Global environmental problems založena nová stránka s textem „A variety of environmental problems affect our world. As globalization continues and the earth's natural processes transform local problems into international issues, few societies are being left untouched by major environmental problems.Some of the largest problems now affecting the world are following: *The Earth’s Human Population- Growth and Poverty *Soil and Food Production *Global Threat to Life’s Diversity *Global Climate Cha…“ aktuální
• 12:1016. 1. 2025, 12:10 rozdíl historie +333 N Kategorie:Global environmental problems založena nová stránka s textem „A variety of environmental problems affect our world. As globalization continues and the earth's natural processes transform local problems into international issues, few societies are being left untouched by major environmental problems.Some of the largest problems now affecting the world are following: Category:Globalisation“ aktuální
• 12:0916. 1. 2025, 12:09 rozdíl historie +8 280 N Global Climate Change založena nová stránka s textem „== Magnification of Greenhouse Effect== The '''greenhouse effect '''is a very important property of the Earth’s atmosphere, making a substantial contribution to the relatively high temperature of Earth’s surface. The effect consists in the optical component of solar radiation – the visible light, richest in energy – penetrating the planetary atmosphere with but little modification all the way to the surface, where it is absorbed and transform…“ aktuální
• 12:0816. 1. 2025, 12:08 rozdíl historie +3 812 N Social capital založena nová stránka s textem „__NOTOC__ The core intuition guiding social capital re-search is that the goodwill that others have to-ward us is a valuable resource. By 'goodwill' we refer to the sympathy, trust, and forgiveness offered us by friends and acquaintances… If goodwill is the substance of social capital, its effects flow from the information, influence, and solidarity such goodwill makes available. … these benefits are accompanied by costs and risks.<ref name=Adler>…“ aktuální
• 12:0716. 1. 2025, 12:07 rozdíl historie +4 846 N Global Public Goods Management založena nová stránka s textem „Whether public goods management, including nature’s services, is anchored in a purely utilitarian manner or a broader concept transcending utilitarianism is adopted, the '''need for good governance''' of global public goods is more than evident. In doing so, we can learn from errors made by people in the past and caused by many factors – from lack of information and understanding, conflicting values and interests, to insufficient levels of institu…“ aktuální
• 12:0616. 1. 2025, 12:06 rozdíl historie +14 835 N Global public goods and nature services založena nová stránka s textem „ Bedřich Moldan By introducing agriculture ten to twenty thousand years ago, man set himself apart from nature radically and separated from it. It was then that people began to create their own human world. Instead of hunting and gathering food, they began to live on crops they grew (predominantly cereals), meat and other products from the animals they reared. Whilst hunters and gatherers were part of nature, that was no longer true of farmers. Each…“ aktuální
• 12:0516. 1. 2025, 12:05 rozdíl historie +5 286 N Environmental capital založena nová stránka s textem „__NOTOC__ ==Definition== Environmetal capital, also called 'natural capital', is defined as indispensable resources and benefits, essential for human survival and economic activity, provided by the ecosystem. Natural capital is commonly divided into (1) renewable resources (agricultural crops, vegetation, wild life) and (2) non-renewable resources (fossil fuels and mineral deposits)<ref>Bussiness Dictionary,[online] http://www.businessdictionary.com/d…“ aktuální
• 12:0516. 1. 2025, 12:05 rozdíl historie +2 932 N Issues Calling for Global Commitments založena nová stránka s textem „*'''Global poverty'''. There are three billion people in the world who live on less than USD 2 per day, and half a billion live on less than USD 1 per day. The world poverty should be reduced to one half by 2015. One of the many ways is debt cancellation for the poorest countries allowed by the developed industrialised countries, and also the aim mediated by the so-called Marshall Plan (see below). *'''Preservation of peace''', prevention of conflict…“ aktuální
• 12:0416. 1. 2025, 12:04 rozdíl historie +2 889 N Issues Calling for Legal Regulation at the Global Level založena nová stránka s textem „(Most of the above problems require that too, according to Rischard.) These problems include the following: *'''Restoration of the tax systems''': Globally mobile taxpayers (MNCs) move where the tax rates are lower (‘tax heavens’). The problem is going to grow worse as the number e-business transaction increases (business transactions made via the internet). Is it also necessary to introduce the carbon tax, possibly as part of a more universal ec…“ aktuální
• 12:0416. 1. 2025, 12:04 rozdíl historie +2 429 N Problems Associated with ‘Global Assets’ založena nová stránka s textem „*'''Global warming (global climate change)''', one of the greatest threats to global civilisation: results of global climate change assessments are regularly published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Hurricanes in the west and south of the USA convinced President Clinton that the phenomenon was caused by human activity. The rising sea level is an obvious example. The Kyoto Protocol is supposed to face the danger at present; it…“ aktuální
• 12:0316. 1. 2025, 12:03 rozdíl historie +4 821 N Globalisation Glossary založena nová stránka s textem „These terms concentrate predominantly on the economic factors connected to collective action and global public goods. To do this, the key terms in economic theory should be explained: === Public goods === Private goods and their market exchange are typical of capitalist economies. Most consumer goods and services fall under this category. There is, however, an important category of goods with different attributes. Economist Paul Samuelson defines pu…“ aktuální
• 12:0316. 1. 2025, 12:03 rozdíl historie +3 430 N Definitions: public goods založena nová stránka s textem „==Private goods== ''People's well-being'' depends on a ''mix of private goods and public goods''. '''Private goods''' are those which we can appropriate--call "ours", e.g. by paying a price for them in the market. These goods tend to be excludable: they can de parceled out to individual consumers in line with their demand. For example, some people may like to buy just half a loaf of bread and others may prefer a full loaf. '''Public goods''' have th…“ aktuální